The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is one of the largest population-based health studies in the world. Since 2007, Mainz University Medical Center has been working with over 21,000 participants to investigate the onset and progression of common diseases as well as factors contributing to a healthy life. The study is initiated and coordinated by the Department of Preventive Medicine at Mainz University Medical Center in close collaboration with numerous clinics, institutes, and national and international research partners. The GHS focuses in particular on cardiovascular diseases, as well as disorders of the metabolism, the immune system, mental health, and the eyes, along with other common diseases. Through long-term medical examinations and follow-up observations, the study helps to detect diseases at an early stage, better understand risk factors, further develop targeted prevention strategies, and conduct research on healthy aging. As an interdisciplinary long-term project, the GHS makes an important contribution to modern health research and to improving prevention and medical care for the general population.